Conductive hole Viahole is also known as via hole. In order to meet customer requirements, the PCB circuit board via hole must be plugged. After a lot of practice, the traditional aluminum plug hole process is changed, and the PCB circuit board surface solder mask is completed with white mesh. Plug hole. Stable production and reliable quality.

　　Viahole through holes play the role of interconnection and conduction of lines. The development of the electronic industry also promotes the development of circuit boards, and puts forward higher requirements on the production process and surface mount technology of printed circuit boards. Viahole plugging technology came into being, and should meet the following requirements at the same time:

　　(一) There is copper in the through hole, and the solder mask can be plugged or not plugged;

　　(2) There must be tin-lead in the via hole, with a certain thickness requirement (4 microns), and no solder mask ink can enter the hole, causing tin beads to be hidden in the hole;

　　(3) The through holes must have solder mask ink plug holes, opaque, and must not have tin rings, tin beads, and flatness requirements.

　　On the solution of PCB circuit board via hole blockage

　　With the development of electronic products in the direction of "light, thin, short and small", PCB boards have also developed to high density and high difficulty. Therefore, a large number of SMT and BGA PCB circuit boards have appeared, and customers require plug holes when mounting components , Has five main functions:

　　(1) Avoid flux residue in the via;

　　(2) Prevent the tin bead from popping up during wave soldering, causing short circuit;

　　(three) prevent surface solder paste from flowing into the hole, causing false soldering, affecting placement;

　　(4) After the surface mounting of the electronics factory and the assembly of the components are completed, the PCB must be vacuumed on the testing machine to form a negative pressure before it is completed;

　　(5) Prevent the tin from the through hole through the component surface and cause a short circuit when the PCB circuit board passes through the wave soldering; especially when we put the via on the BGA pad, we must first make the plug hole and then gold-plated, which is convenient for BGA welding.

　　The realization of conductive hole plugging process

　　For surface mount boards, especially the mounting of BGA and IC, the via hole plug must be flat, convex and concave plus or minus 1mil, and there must be no red tin on the edge of the via hole; the via hole hides the tin ball, in order to reach the customer According to the requirements, the via hole plugging process can be described as diverse, the process flow is particularly long, the process control is difficult, and the oil is often dropped during the hot air leveling and the green oil solder resistance test; the oil explosion after curing and other problems occur. Now according to the actual conditions of production, the various plugging processes of PCB are summarized, and some comparisons and explanations are made in the process and advantages and disadvantages:

　　Note: The working principle of hot air leveling is to use hot air to remove excess solder from the PCB surface and holes, and the remaining solder is evenly coated on the pads, non-solder resist lines and surface packaging points, which is one of the surface treatment methods of printed circuit boards.

　　One, plug hole process after hot air leveling

　　The process flow is: board surface solder mask→HAL→plug hole→curing. The non-plugging process is adopted for production. After the hot air is leveled, the aluminum sheet screen or the ink blocking screen is used to complete the via hole plugging required by the customer for all the fortresses. The plug hole ink can be photosensitive ink or thermosetting ink. In the case of ensuring the same color of the wet film, the plug hole ink is best to use the same ink as the board surface. This process can ensure that the through holes will not lose oil after the hot air is leveled, but it is easy to cause the plugging ink to contaminate the board surface and uneven. Customers are prone to false soldering (especially in BGA) during mounting. So many customers do not accept this method.

　　Two, hot air leveling front plug hole process

　　①. Use aluminum sheet to plug the hole, solidify, and polish the board to transfer the graphics

　　This technological process uses a numerical control drilling machine to drill out the aluminum sheet that needs to be plugged to make a screen, and plug the holes to ensure that the via hole plugging is full. The plug hole ink can also be used with thermosetting ink. Its characteristics must be high in hardness. , The shrinkage of resin is small, and the bonding force with the hole wall is good. The process flow is: pretreatment→plug hole→grinding plate→graphic transfer→etching→board surface solder mask

　　This method can ensure that the plug hole of the via hole is flat, and the hot air leveling will not cause quality problems such as oil explosion and oil drop on the edge of the hole. However, this process requires one-time thickening of copper to make the copper thickness of the hole wall meet the customer's standard. Therefore, the requirements for copper plating on the entire board are very high, and the performance of the plate grinding machine is also very high, to ensure that the resin on the copper surface is completely removed, and the copper surface is clean and not polluted. Many circuit board factories do not have a one-time thickening copper process, and the performance of the equipment does not meet the requirements, resulting in not much use of this process in circuit board factories.

　　PCB circuit board

　　②. After plugging the hole with aluminum sheet, directly screen-print the board surface solder mask

　　This process uses a CNC drilling machine to drill out the aluminum sheet that needs to be plugged to make a screen, install it on the screen printing machine to plug the hole, and park it for no more than 30 minutes after completing the plugging, and use 36T screen to directly screen the surface of the board. The process flow is: pre-treatment-plug hole-silk screen-pre-baking-exposure-development-curing

　　This process can ensure that the via hole is well covered with oil, the plug hole is flat, and the color of the wet film is consistent. After the hot air is leveled, it can ensure that the via hole is not tinned and the tin bead is not hidden in the hole, but it is easy to cause the ink in the hole after curing. The pads cause poor solderability; after the hot air is leveled, the edges of the vias blistered and oil is removed. It is difficult to use this process to control production, and it is necessary for process engineers to use special processes and parameters to ensure the quality of the plug holes.

　　③. The aluminum sheet is plugged into the hole, developed, pre-cured, and polished before the surface solder mask.

　　Use a CNC drilling machine to drill out the aluminum sheet that requires plugging holes to make a screen, install it on the shift screen printing machine for plugging holes. The plugging holes must be full and protruding on both sides. The process flow is: pre-treatment-plug hole-pre-baking-development-pre-curing-board surface solder mask.

　　Because this process uses plug hole solidification to ensure that the via hole does not lose oil or explode after HAL, but after HAL, it is difficult to completely solve the problem of tin bead in the via hole and tin on the via hole, so many customers do not accept it.

　　④. PCB circuit board surface solder mask and plug hole are completed at the same time.

　　This method uses a 36T (43T) screen, installed on the screen printing machine, using a pad or a bed of nails, and when completing the board surface, all the vias are plugged. The process flow is: pretreatment-silk screen-pretreatment Baking-exposure-development-curing.

　　The process time is short and the equipment utilization rate is high. It can ensure that the via holes will not lose oil after the hot air leveling, and the via holes will not be tinned. However, due to the use of silk screen for plugging the holes, there is a large amount of air in the via holes. , The air expands and breaks through the solder mask, resulting in cavities and unevenness. There will be a small amount of through holes hidden in the hot air leveling. At present, after a large number of experiments, our company has selected different types of inks and viscosity, adjusted the pressure of the screen printing, etc., and basically solved the voids and unevenness of the vias, and has adopted this process for mass production.

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