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Why do circuit board wires form impedance interference?

source:Industry News release time:2021-09-13 Article author:sznbone Popular:pcb

  Because in the manufacturing of printed circuit boards, the wires are generally copper wires, and the physical properties of copper determine that there must be a certain impedance in the process of conducting electricity, and the inductance in the wires will affect the voltage signal. The resistance component will affect the transmission of the current signal, and the influence of the inductance in the high-frequency line is particularly prominent.

  A certain piece of wire on the printed circuit board can be regarded as a very regular rectangular copper strip. Let's take a piece of wire 10cm long, 1.5mm wide, and 50μm thick as an example. The impedance can be seen by calculation. The wire resistance can be calculated by the formula: R=ρL/s(Ω) where L is the length of the wire (meters), s is the cross-sectional area of the wire (square millimeters), and ρ is the resistivity ρ=0.02. The wire is obtained by calculation The resistance value is approximately 0.026Ω.

Why do circuit board wires form impedance interference?(图1)

  When a piece of wire far away from other conductors is much longer than its width, the self-inductance of the wire is 0.8μH/m, then a 10cm-long wire has an inductance of 0.08μH. Then we can use the following formula to find the inductance presented by the wire of the copy board: XL=2πfL where π is a constant, f is the frequency of the wire passing signal (Hz), and L is the self-inductance per unit length of the wire ( H). In this way, we can calculate the inductance of the wire at low frequency and high frequency respectively:

  When f=10KHz, XL=6.28×10×103×0.08×10-6≈0.005Ω; when f=30MHz, XL=6.28×30×106×0.08×10-6≈16Ω through the above formula we can It is calculated that the wire resistance is greater than the wire inductance in the low-frequency signal transmission, and the wire inductance is much greater than the wire resistance in the high-frequency signal.


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