source:Industry News release time:2022-05-18 Article author:yu Popular:pcb
When there is so much talk about uplinks, downlinks, and IoT these days, it's easy to forget that networking is still done over cables. Servers, switches, and commercial computer centers all still use network cables. The most utilized network cable is Ethernet, which can be recognized by almost anyone who has ever connected a computer.
Ethernet was originally an internal networking solution for Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). However, thanks to the work of Dr. Bob Metcalfe and others, Ethernet was born and has been the networking standard for nearly 40 years. The original Ethernet speed was around 3 MB/s, and with the availability of Gigabit Ethernet, this seems too slow for now.
I won't talk about what Gigabit Ethernet is here, let's go straight to the topic: GbE network design board
When designing a board for a GbE network, the board must include a connector that accepts an RJ45 plug. It happens that all Ethernet cables have these end connectors. Since the GbE network is a high-speed network, the following issues need to be considered.
Maximize signal strength
Whether the Media Access Control Block or MAC interface is connected to the physical layer (PHY) of the NIC using the Serial Gigabit Media Independent Interface or Serializer Deserializer (SGMII) and (SerDes), respectively, maximizing signal strength is very important.
Ensure spacing between differential pairs
Differential pair routing has special requirements to avoid common-mode noise due to inaccurate matching of pairs. One of the best ways to prevent this is to ensure adequate spacing to avoid stray current leakage.
Achieving Electromagnetic Compatibility
Electromagnetic compatibility is the key to achieving minimal EMI between on-board components and nearby electronics and is critical for optimizing signal integrity.
Isolate different signal types
GbE routing requires digital and analog signal routing, which must be isolated to avoid performance degradation.
Cancel panelization
Ethernet connectors are usually mounted on the edge of the PCB to match the cabinet design. However, boards are fabricated in panels that require depanelization, which must be taken into account when doing an efficient board design.
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